https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/fySgjOH4-MV2vLT-qG6UOg
经常坐地铁,却不知道地铁多少条线路?哪个站下车?今天就带领大家熟悉并绘制深圳地铁路线图。
WPF在绘制矢量图方面有非常强大的优势,利用WPF可以绘制出各种矢量图形,如线,圆,多边形,矩形,及组合图形。今天以绘制深圳地铁路线图为例,简述WPF在图形绘制方面的一些知识,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
WPF图形概述
与传统的.NET开发使用GDI+进行绘图不同,WPF拥有自己的一套图形API,绘图为矢量图。绘图可以在任何一种布局控件中完成,wpf会根据容器计算相应坐标。最常用的是Canvas和Grid。基本图形包括以下几个,都是Shaper类的派生类。
Line,直线段,可以设置Stroke
Rectangle,有Stroke也有Fill
Ellipse,椭圆,同上
Polygon,多边形。由多条直线线段围成的闭合区域,同上。
Polyline,折线,不闭合,由多条首尾相接的直线段组成
Path,路径,闭合。可以由若干直线、圆弧、贝塞尔曲线(由线段与节点组成,节点是可拖动的支点,线段像可伸缩的皮筋)组成。很强大。
地铁官网效果
首先打开深圳地铁官网【https://www.szmc.net/map/】,可查看地铁的路线图,如下所示:
图片
获取地铁路线数据
通过对地铁官网的网络接口数据分析,可以获取地铁数据的原始JSON文件,将原始JSON文件保存到本地,在程序中进行引用,如下所示:
图片
构建数据模型
在得到shentie.json文件后,通过分析,构建模型类,如下所示:
namespace DemoSubway.Models
{
/// <summary>
/// 深圳地铁模型
/// </summary>
public class ShenTie
{
[JsonProperty("s")]
public string? Name { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("i")]
public string? Index { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("l")]
public SubwayLine[]? SubwayLines { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("o")]
public string? Obj { get;set; }
}
public class SubwayLine
{
[JsonProperty("st")]
public St[]? Sites { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("ln")]
public string? LineNumber { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("su")]
public string? Su { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("kn")]
public string? KName { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("c")]
public string[]? Circles { get;set; }
[JsonProperty("lo")]
public string? Lo { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("lp")]
public string[]? LinePosition { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("ls")]
public string? Ls { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("cl")]
public string? Color { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("la")]
public string? La { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("x")]
public string? X { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("li")]
public string? Li { get; set; }
}
public class St
{
[JsonProperty("rs")]
public string? Rs { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("udpx")]
public string? Udpx { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("su")]
public string? Su { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("udsu")]
public string? Udsu { get; set;}
[JsonProperty("n")]
public string? Name { get; set;}
[JsonProperty("en")]
public string? En { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("sid")]
public string? Sid { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("p")]
public string? Position { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("r")]
public string? R { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("udsi")]
public string? Udsi { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("t")]
public string? T { get; set;}
[JsonProperty("si")]
public string? Si { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("sl")]
public string? Sl { get; set;}
[JsonProperty("udli")]
public string? Udli { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("poiid")]
public string? Poiid { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("lg")]
public string? Lg { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("sp")]
public string? Sp { get; set; }
}
}
解析数据源
通过反序列化,将shentie.json文件内容,加载到内存并实例化为ShenTie对象,在此需要用到第三方库【Newtonsoft.Json】,如下所示:
图片
绘制地铁路线图
地铁路线图在WPF主页面显示,用Grid作为容器【subwayBox】,如下所示:
<Window x:Class="DemoSubway.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoSubway"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
<RowDefinition Height="*"></RowDefinition>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<StackPanel Grid.Row="0" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
<TextBlock x:Name="tbTitle" FontSize="30" HorizontalAlignment="Center"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
<Viewbox Stretch="Fill" Grid.Row="1">
<Grid x:Name="subwayBox">
</Grid>
</Viewbox>
</Grid>
</Window>
ShenTie对象创建成功后,就可以获取路线数据,然后创建地铁路线元素【路线,站点等】,如下所示:
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
string jsonFile = "shentie.json";
JsonHelper jsonHelper = new JsonHelper();
var shentie = jsonHelper.Deserialize<ShenTie>(jsonFile);
this.tbTitle.Text = shentie.Name;
List<string> lstSites = new List<string>();
for(int i = 0; i < shentie.SubwayLines?.Length; i++)
{
var subwayLine= shentie.SubwayLines[i];
if(subwayLine != null)
{
//地铁线路
var color = ColorTranslator.FromHtml($"#{subwayLine.Color}");//线路颜色
var circles = subwayLine.Circles;//线路节点
Path line = new Path();
PathFigureCollection lineFigures = new PathFigureCollection();
PathFigure lineFigure = new PathFigure();
lineFigure.IsClosed= false;
var start = circles?[0].Split(" ");//线路起始位置
lineFigure.StartPoint = new System.Windows.Point(int.Parse(start[0]), int.Parse(start[1]));
for (int j= 0;j< circles?.Length;j++)
{
var circle= circles[j].Split(" ");
LineSegment lineSegment = new LineSegment(new System.Windows.Point(int.Parse(circle[0]), int.Parse(circle[1])),true);
lineFigure.Segments.Add(lineSegment);
}
lineFigures.Add(lineFigure);
line.Data = new PathGeometry(lineFigures, FillRule.Nonzero, null);
line.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(System.Windows.Media.Color.FromArgb(color.A, color.R, color.G, color.B));
line.StrokeThickness = 4;
this.subwayBox.Children.Add(line);
//地铁站点
for (int j = 0; j < subwayLine.Sites?.Length; j++)
{
var site = subwayLine.Sites[j];
if (site != null)
{
//站点标识,圆圈
Path siteCirclePath = new Path();
var sitePosition = site?.Position?.Split(" ");
EllipseGeometry ellipse = new EllipseGeometry();
ellipse.Center = new System.Windows.Point(int.Parse(sitePosition[0]), int.Parse(sitePosition[1]));
ellipse.RadiusX = 4;
ellipse.RadiusY=4;
siteCirclePath.Data=ellipse;
siteCirclePath.Fill = Brushes.White;
siteCirclePath.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(System.Windows.Media.Color.FromArgb(color.A, color.R, color.G, color.B));
siteCirclePath.Cursor= Cursors.Hand;
siteCirclePath.Focusable = true;
siteCirclePath.Tag = site?.Name;
siteCirclePath.MouseDown += SiteCirclePath_MouseDown;
this.subwayBox.Children.Add(siteCirclePath);
//站点名字
if (lstSites.Contains(site?.Name))
{
continue;//对于交汇站点,只绘制一次
}
//站点名称
Path siteTextPath = new Path();
FormattedText siteContent = new FormattedText(site?.Name,CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,FlowDirection.LeftToRight,new Typeface("Arial"),14,Brushes.Black, 1.25);
var x = int.Parse(sitePosition[0]);
var y = int.Parse(sitePosition[1]);
if (j + 1 < subwayLine.Sites?.Length)
{
//站点位置适当偏移
var next = subwayLine.Sites[j + 1]?.Position?.Split(" ");
var nextx = int.Parse(next[0]);
var nexty = int.Parse(next[1]);
if (x == nextx)
{
x = x + 6;
}
else if (y == nexty)
{
y = y + 6;
}
else
{
x = x + 1;
y = y + 1;
}
}
Geometry geometry = siteContent.BuildGeometry(new System.Windows.Point(x, y));
siteTextPath.Data = geometry;
siteTextPath.Stroke = Brushes.Black;
siteTextPath.Focusable = true;
siteTextPath.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
siteTextPath.MouseDown += SiteTextPath_MouseDown;
siteTextPath.Tag = site?.Name;
this.subwayBox.Children.Add(siteTextPath);
lstSites.Add(site?.Name);
}
}
var kName = subwayLine.KName;//线路名称
var linePosition= subwayLine.LinePosition?[0].Split(" ");
if(kName != null)
{
Path lineNamePath = new Path();
FormattedText lineNameText = new FormattedText(kName, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,FlowDirection.LeftToRight,new Typeface("Arial"),16,Brushes.Black,1.25);
var lineX = int.Parse(linePosition[0]);
var lineY = int.Parse(linePosition[1]);
if (subwayLine.LineNumber == "1")
{
lineX = lineX - 10;
lineY = lineY + 20;
}
Geometry geometry = lineNameText.BuildGeometry(new System.Windows.Point(lineX, lineY));
lineNamePath.Data=geometry;
lineNamePath.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(System.Windows.Media.Color.FromArgb(color.A, color.R, color.G, color.B));
this.subwayBox.Children.Add(lineNamePath);
}
}
}
}
效果展示
本示例效果图如下所示:
图片
在获取的JSON文件中,有些属性名都是简写,所以在编写示例代码过程中,对有些属性的理解并不准确,需要不断测试优化,绘制出的地铁路线图可能与实际存在稍微的差异,如站点名称,路线名称等内容的位置。